The earliest Cyrillic texts are found in northeastern Bulgaria, in the vicinity of Preslav-the Krepcha inscription, dating back to 921, and a ceramic vase from Preslav, dating back to 931. Unlike the Churchmen in Ohrid, Preslav scholars were much more dependent upon Greek models and quickly abandoned the Glagolitic scripts in favor of an adaptation of the Greek uncial to the needs of Slavic, which is now known as the Cyrillic alphabet. At the time, the Preslav Literary School was the most important early literary and cultural center of the First Bulgarian Empire and of all Slavs: Most scholars agree that Cyrillic, on the other hand, was created by Cyril's students at the Preslav Literary School in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books, based on uncial Greek but retaining some Glagolitic letters for sounds not present in Greek. The Glagolitic alphabet was created by the monk Saint Cyril, possibly with the aid of his brother Saint Methodius, around 863. The earliest form of manuscript Cyrillic, known as ustav, was based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and by letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek. It was also used for other languages, but between the 18th and 20th centuries was mostly replaced by the modern Cyrillic script, which is used for some Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian), and for East European and Asian languages that have experienced a great amount of Russian cultural influence. It is used to write the Church Slavonic language, and was historically used for its ancestor, Old Church Slavonic. "For launches of any space nuclear system, the United States believes all nations must ensure a rigorous, risk-informed safety analysis.The Early Cyrillic alphabet, also called classical Cyrillic or paleo-Cyrillic, is an alphabetic writing system that was developed in Medieval Bulgaria in the Preslav Literary School during the late 9th century. The U.S., Russia, and China are all members of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space-UNCOPUOS-the spokesperson noted. "believes that our open, transparent, and collaborative approach to the exploration and use of outer space enables a more dynamic and innovative ecosystem that benefits the entire world." The State Department spokesperson told Newsweek the U.S.
should not allow itself a "false sense of confidence." Space Command chief General Stephen Whiting warned that Russia still poses a "formidable" challenge in space and said the U.S. Moscow has repeatedly denied the reports.Įarlier this month, U.S. lawmakers urged President Joe Biden to declassify information about "a serious national security threat," reportedly a nuclear-powered Russian anti-satellite weapon. More Contributor/Getty ImagesĪmerican fears about the weaponization of space were piqued in February, when U.S. The two neighbors are expanding their space cooperation.
Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) shake hands during a signing ceremony at the Grand Kremlin Palace, on Main Moscow, Russia. There is no suggestion that the planned project has a military component, but the Institute for the Study of War suggested Borisov's remarks were "indicative of warming relations and Chinese willingness to foster a long-term strategic partnership with Russia to posture against and possibly threaten the West."Ĭhinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) shake hands during a signing ceremony at the Grand Kremlin Palace, on Main Moscow, Russia. "is aware of PRC and Russian plans for an International Lunar Research Station," noting the "decades of space cooperation" between the two neighbors. The project, Borisov said, may take place "somewhere at the turn of 2033-2035."Ī State Department spokesperson told Newsweek that the U.S. Yuri Borisov, the head of Russia's space agency Roscosmos, said earlier this month that the two powers are "seriously considering a project" to install a nuclear power station on the lunar surface that may one day support lunar settlements.
The State Department has urged a "rigorous" safety evaluation of a proposed joint Russia-China plan to establish a nuclear-powered lunar base within the next decade.